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Vicia cracca
''Vicia cracca'' (tufted vetch, cow vetch, bird vetch, blue vetch, boreal vetch), is a species of vetch native to Europe and Asia. It occurs on other continents as an introduced species, including North America, where it is a common weed. It often occurs in disturbed habitats, including old-fields and roadside ditches.
==Description==
Cow vetch is in the Fabaceae family and similar to a pea in growth habit with climbing stems growing to 150 cm long,〔Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. (2012). ''Webb's An Irish Flora.'' Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783.〕sending out noose-like branched tendrils from the tips of its leaves when it contacts another plant and securely fastens itself. This can cause "strangling" of smaller plants. An individual plant may reach a length (or height) of 2 m and its taproot may extend up to 1 m. The leaves are 3–8 cm long, pinnate, with 8–12 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 5–10 mm long.
The plant is fast-growing and flowers prolifically, sending out 10 to 40 flowered one-sided racemes cascading pea-flower shaped purple to violet flowers from the leaf axil during its late spring to late summer flowering period. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees; when the flowers drop off and tiny bright green seed pods 10–20 mm long, start to form.〔Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. (1968). ''Excursion Flora of the British Isles.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 04656 4.〕 Cow vetch is very similar to hairy vetch (''Vicia villosa''), but is distinguished from the latter by its smooth stem.
The seed pods are 2 cm long and contain 6 to 8 seeds.〔Webb, S.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. (1996). ''An Irish Flora.'' Dundalgen Press Ltd. Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7.〕 They resemble those of a very small pea. The tiny seeds within are ripe when the pods have turned black. Unripened seeds are swollen and have a green tint to them, but they unswell when they become ripe. The seed pods vary from light brown to dark brown with black spots.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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